@charset "UTF-8";
:root{color-scheme:dark;--navy:#071321;--panel:#0c1c2b;--line:#273645;--ice:#91e3ef;--white:#f3f7fa;--muted:#a8b7c5;--ink:#0e2635;--light:#edf3f6;--sans:Inter,"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",system-ui,sans-serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:110px}body{margin:0;background:var(--navy);color:var(--white);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.8;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ice);outline-offset:6px}h1,h2,h3,p,figure{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:550;line-height:1.35}p{overflow-wrap:break-word}::selection{background:#89deeb;color:#071321}.container{width:min(1280px,calc(100% - 112px));margin:auto}.eyebrow{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.16em;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ice)}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--ice);color:var(--navy);padding:10px 18px}.skip-link:focus{top:10px}.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(7,19,33,.94);border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff16;backdrop-filter:blur(18px)}.nav-shell{min-height:96px;max-width:1500px;margin:auto;padding:18px 56px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:45px;justify-content:space-between}.brand{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;flex-shrink:0;font-size:1.1rem;letter-spacing:.1em;line-height:1.6}.brand svg{width:36px;height:39px;fill:none;stroke:var(--ice);stroke-width:1.3}.brand small{display:block;font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:.19em;color:var(--muted)}nav{display:flex;gap:36px;align-items:center}nav a{font-size:0.875rem;color:#c4cdd6;white-space:nowrap;position:relative}nav a:hover{color:var(--ice)}nav a:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:-9px;height:1px;left:0;right:100%;background:var(--ice);transition:right .25s}nav a:hover:after{right:0}.nav-reference{font-size:0.875rem;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid #617484;padding:8px 17px;transition:background .2s}.nav-reference span{margin-left:15px}.nav-reference:hover{background:#1a3445}.hero{position:relative;isolation:isolate;min-height:690px;overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:center}.hero-image{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-3;background:#061220 url('./diamond-hero.webp') right center/auto 100% no-repeat}.hero-shade{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-2;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#071321 0%,rgba(7,19,33,.87) 20%,rgba(7,19,33,.27) 49%,transparent 68%),linear-gradient(0deg,#071321 0%,transparent 25%)}.hero-content{padding-top:63px;padding-bottom:102px}.hero .eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:28px}.tiny-rule{width:24px;height:1px;background:var(--ice)}h1{font-size:clamp(3.3rem,5.5vw,5.2rem);line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:.015em;font-weight:550}h1 span{color:var(--ice)}.hero-description{max-width:455px;margin-top:28px;color:#b9c5d1;line-height:1.95;font-size:1rem}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:42px;background:var(--ice);color:#092331;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:32px;padding:14px 22px;transition:background .2s,transform .2s}.button:hover{background:#beeff6;transform:translateY(-2px)}.hero-bottom{position:absolute;bottom:25px;left:0;right:0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;color:#98aab9;font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:.05em}.properties{padding:37px 0 68px}.section-topline{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:32px}.section-topline h2{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:450}.stats-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.stat{padding:29px 30px 0;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.stat:first-child{padding-left:0}.stat:last-child{border-right:none;padding-right:0}.stat-category{font-size:0.875rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:center}.stat-category span{font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:#8b9ead}.stat-value{font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(2.2rem,3.3vw,3.1rem);letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:1.3;margin:25px 0 20px;color:var(--ice)}.stat-value small{font-size:0.76rem;letter-spacing:0;color:#a9bdc9;display:block;margin-top:6px;font-weight:400}.stat h3{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:10px}.stat>p:not(.stat-category){color:var(--muted);font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.9}.source-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:16px;font-size:0.75rem;color:#91a8b8;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}.source-link:hover{color:var(--ice);border-bottom-color:currentColor}.light-section{background:var(--light);color:var(--ink);color-scheme:light}.light-section .eyebrow{color:#287083}.structure{padding:100px 0}.structure-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:90px;align-items:center}h2{font-size:clamp(1.9rem,2.8vw,2.65rem);letter-spacing:.01em}.structure h2{margin-top:22px;line-height:1.5}.structure-copy .lead{margin-top:24px}.structure-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){color:#4d6370;line-height:1.95}.structure-note{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin:28px 0;padding:16px 0;border-top:1px solid #bfccd4;border-bottom:1px solid #bfccd4}.structure-note>span{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1;color:#246e80}.structure-note p{font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.7}.structure-note small{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:400;color:#627884}.text-link{display:inline-flex;margin-top:23px;font-size:0.875rem;gap:32px;border-bottom:1px solid #73919e;padding-bottom:4px}.text-link:hover{color:#267b8c}.atomic-figure{border:1px solid #bdcdd6;background:#e4edf2;padding:22px 25px 23px;position:relative}.figure-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:0.75rem;color:#587282;letter-spacing:.06em}.tetrahedron{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;margin:16px 0}.tetra-outline{fill:none;stroke:#9bb9c6;stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:4 5}.bonds{fill:none;stroke:#6093a6;stroke-width:6;stroke-linecap:round}.atoms{fill:#c9e4eb;stroke:#6b9daa;stroke-width:1.5}.central-atom{fill:#145b72;stroke:#4b8fa3;stroke-width:2}.atom-labels{text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#23556a}.central-label{fill:#edffff;font-size:22px}.annotation{font-size:16px;fill:#476c7a}.annotation-line{fill:none;stroke:#6c909d;stroke-width:1}figcaption{border-top:1px solid #bdcdd6;padding-top:18px;font-size:0.875rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}figcaption small{color:#667d89;font-size:0.75rem}.synthesis{padding:100px 0 78px}.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:60px;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:42px}.section-heading h2{margin-top:20px}.section-heading>p{max-width:390px;color:var(--muted);font-size:0.9375rem}.method-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:26px}.method{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--panel);padding:32px}.method-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.method-abbreviation{font-size:2.25rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--ice)}.pill{font-size:0.75rem;border:1px solid #3b5769;border-radius:100px;padding:3px 12px;color:#afc5d4;white-space:nowrap}.method h3{font-size:1.4rem;margin-top:20px}.method-en{font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#7f9aac;margin-top:7px}.method>p:not(.method-en){color:var(--muted);margin-top:22px;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.95}.process{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;padding:19px 14px;margin:28px 0;background:#112837;font-size:0.875rem;color:#c6e2ec}.process span:nth-child(even){color:#6597ad}dl{margin:0}dl div{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;border-top:1px solid #253e50;padding:13px 0;gap:18px;font-size:0.875rem}dl div:last-child{padding-bottom:0}dt{color:#869eaf;flex-shrink:0}dd{margin:0;text-align:right;color:#c1d2de}.pcd-note{margin-top:28px;background:#102534;border-left:2px solid #79c9d9;padding:25px 30px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;gap:30px;align-items:center}.pcd-note .pill{font-size:0.75rem;padding:2px 9px}.pcd-note h3{font-size:1.15rem;margin-top:10px}.pcd-note>p{color:#aabfcd;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.9}.pcd-note strong{font-weight:500;color:#d3e3ed}.section-source{color:#829cab;font-size:0.75rem;margin-top:20px}.section-source a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.applications{padding:95px 0 0}.applications .section-heading>p{color:#5c7480}.application-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:22px}.application{padding:24px;background:#f8fbfd;border-top:2px solid #418295;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.application-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px}.application-top>span:first-child{color:#6e939f;font-size:0.75rem}.app-tag{font-size:0.75rem;color:#417486}.application h3{font-size:1.35rem;margin:32px 0 17px}.application p{color:#5b707c;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.95;flex:1}.application-footer{border-top:1px solid #dce5eb;font-size:0.75rem;color:#7b8e98;margin-top:30px;padding-top:17px}.application-footer strong{font-weight:500;color:#456b7a;margin-left:12px}.takeaway{text-align:center;margin-top:74px;padding:47px 0 53px;border-top:1px solid #bfced7}.takeaway>span{font-size:0.75rem;color:#5a7a89}.takeaway p{font-size:clamp(1.2rem,2vw,1.65rem);margin-top:14px}.takeaway small{color:#657f8d;font-size:0.875rem;display:block;margin-top:12px}.references{padding:70px 0 68px}.references-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr;gap:90px}.references h2{margin:14px 0}.references p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:0.875rem;color:var(--muted)}.reference-list>a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:0.9375rem;gap:24px}.reference-list>a:first-child{padding-top:0}.reference-list small{display:block;font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:#849dae;margin-bottom:6px}.reference-list>a>span:last-child{color:var(--ice);font-size:1.25rem}.reference-list>a:hover{color:var(--ice)}footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.footer-inner{padding-top:26px;padding-bottom:26px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:0.75rem;color:#849dab}.footer-brand{font-size:0.8rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:#d4e3eb}.footer-brand span{margin-left:14px;color:#849dab;font-size:0.75rem;letter-spacing:0}.footer-inner>a:last-child:hover{color:var(--ice)}
@media(min-width:1600px){.hero{min-height:780px}.hero-image{background-position:center 48%}}
@media(max-width:1120px){.container{width:calc(100% - 72px)}.nav-shell{padding:18px 36px;gap:24px}nav{gap:23px}.nav-reference{display:none}.hero{min-height:650px}.structure-grid{gap:48px}.stat{padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px}.stat-category span{display:none}.application-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.application h3{margin-top:25px}.section-heading{gap:35px}.section-heading>p{max-width:340px}.pcd-note{grid-template-columns:220px 1fr}.references-grid{gap:50px}}
@media(max-width:760px){html{scroll-padding-top:122px}.container{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.nav-shell{padding:13px 20px 14px;min-height:auto;display:block}.brand{font-size:0.98rem;gap:10px}.brand svg{height:29px;width:28px}.brand small{font-size:0.75rem}.brand>span{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px}.nav-shell nav{margin-top:15px;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}nav a{font-size:0.8125rem}.hero{min-height:720px;align-items:flex-start}.hero-content{padding-top:38px;padding-bottom:310px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:0.75rem;margin-bottom:20px}h1{font-size:3.2rem;line-height:1.23}.hero-description{font-size:0.9375rem;max-width:350px;margin-top:21px}.button{margin-top:22px;padding:11px 18px;gap:30px}.hero-image{background-size:auto 470px;background-position:75% bottom}.hero-shade{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#071321 0%,#071321 28%,rgba(7,19,33,.6) 52%,transparent 68%,#071321 100%)}.hero-bottom{bottom:18px;font-size:0.75rem;gap:12px}.hero-bottom span:last-child{max-width:130px;text-align:right}.properties{padding:25px 0 45px}.section-topline{display:block;margin-bottom:24px}.section-topline h2{margin-top:10px;font-size:1.2rem}.stats-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.stat{padding:24px 18px 26px}.stat:nth-child(odd){padding-left:0}.stat:nth-child(even){padding-right:0;border-right:0}.stat:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.stat-value{font-size:2.5rem;margin:18px 0}.stat-value small{font-size:0.75rem}.stat h3{font-size:0.9375rem}.stat>p:not(.stat-category){font-size:0.875rem}.source-link{font-size:0.75rem}.structure{padding:55px 0}.structure-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px}h2{font-size:1.8rem}.structure h2{margin-top:15px}.structure-copy .lead{margin-top:20px}.atomic-figure{padding:20px 15px}.tetrahedron{max-height:330px}.synthesis{padding:55px 0 45px}.section-heading{display:block;margin-bottom:28px}.section-heading h2{margin-top:14px}.section-heading>p{margin-top:18px;max-width:none}.method-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.method{padding:24px}.method-abbreviation{font-size:2rem}.method>p:not(.method-en){font-size:0.9375rem}.process{padding:16px 10px;font-size:0.8125rem;gap:5px}dl div{font-size:0.8125rem}.pcd-note{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px;padding:22px}.pcd-note h3{margin-top:8px}.section-source{font-size:0.75rem}.applications{padding-top:55px}.application-grid{gap:16px}.application{padding:20px}.application-top{align-items:flex-start;gap:8px}.app-tag{font-size:0.75rem}.application h3{font-size:1.1rem;margin:24px 0 14px}.application p{font-size:0.875rem}.application-footer{font-size:0.75rem}.application-footer strong{display:block;margin-left:0;margin-top:3px}.takeaway{margin-top:40px;padding:32px 6px 37px}.takeaway p{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.6}.references{padding:45px 0}.references-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.reference-list>a{font-size:0.875rem}.footer-inner{flex-wrap:wrap;padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:22px;gap:16px}.footer-inner p{display:none}.footer-brand{font-size:0.75rem}.footer-brand span{display:none}}
@media(max-width:380px){.brand>span{gap:8px}.brand small{font-size:0.75rem}.hero-description{max-width:290px}.application-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.application-footer strong{display:inline;margin-left:12px}.stat{padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px}.stat-value{font-size:2.1rem}.process{font-size:0.75rem}.method{padding:20px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{transition:none!important}}

/* Reading sizes stay legible across breakpoints. */
.stat>p:not(.stat-category),.section-heading>p,.method>p:not(.method-en),.pcd-note>p,.application p,.hero-description{font-size:1rem}
.nav-shell nav a,.process,.application-footer,.pill,.stat-category,.text-link{font-size:.875rem}
.light-section a:focus-visible{outline-color:#17627b}
@media(max-width:760px){.brand>span{display:block}.brand small{display:none}.hero{min-height:740px}.application-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.process{flex-wrap:wrap}.application-footer strong{font-size:.875rem}}
@media(max-width:480px){.application-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.application-top{align-items:center}.app-tag{font-size:.875rem}.application-footer strong{display:inline;margin-left:12px}.application h3{font-size:1.3rem}}

.application .source-link{color:#416b7b}.application .source-link:hover{color:#134e62}

/* English copy: flexible line lengths and readable labels. */
:root{--sans:Inter,"Segoe UI",Arial,system-ui,sans-serif}
h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,4.7vw,4.6rem);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.035em;max-width:650px}
h2{letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.22}
.brand{letter-spacing:-.015em;font-weight:600}.brand small{letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:400}
.hero-description{max-width:450px;line-height:1.85}
.section-topline{gap:28px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.stat-category{align-items:flex-start;line-height:1.5;min-height:42px}.stat-category span{flex-shrink:0}
.stats-grid,.structure-grid,.method-grid,.application-grid,.references-grid{min-width:0}
.stat,.structure-copy,.atomic-figure,.method,.application,.references-grid>div{min-width:0}
.section-heading>div{max-width:650px}.section-heading>p{flex:0 1 390px}
.structure h2{line-height:1.3}.method h3{font-size:1.25rem;min-height:3.4em}
.process{font-size:.875rem;gap:10px}.process span:nth-child(odd){flex:1;min-width:0;text-align:center;line-height:1.6}.process span:nth-child(even){flex-shrink:0}
dl div{font-size:.875rem;align-items:baseline;gap:20px}dt{max-width:42%;flex-shrink:1}dd{min-width:0}
.application-top{align-items:flex-start}.app-tag{text-align:right;line-height:1.6}.application h3{font-size:1.35rem;min-height:2.7em}
.application-footer strong{display:block;margin-left:0;margin-top:4px}.application-footer{color:#5a7481}
.hero-bottom{gap:24px}.hero-bottom span:last-child{text-align:right}
@media(min-width:1600px){.hero-image{background-position:right center}}
@media(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:761px){.nav-shell{gap:18px;padding-left:26px;padding-right:26px}nav{gap:20px}.brand{font-size:1rem}.brand small{font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.08em}}
@media(max-width:760px){h1{font-size:clamp(2.45rem,8.5vw,3.6rem);max-width:100%;line-height:1.15}.hero-content{padding-bottom:320px}.hero-description{max-width:420px}.hero-bottom{font-size:.75rem}.hero-bottom span:last-child{max-width:170px}.method h3{min-height:0}.application h3{min-height:0}.section-heading>div{max-width:none}.stat-category{min-height:42px}.nav-shell nav{gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start}.nav-shell nav a{font-size:.875rem}.process{flex-wrap:nowrap}.figure-header{gap:15px}.figure-header>span:last-child{white-space:nowrap}.brand small{display:none}}
@media(max-width:480px){.hero-description{max-width:335px}.hero-bottom span{max-width:145px}.hero-bottom span:last-child{max-width:145px}.process{padding:15px 9px;gap:7px}.method{padding:22px}.method-heading{gap:14px}.method .pill{font-size:.75rem}.stat>p:not(.stat-category){line-height:1.7}.stat-category{font-size:.875rem}.stat{padding-right:14px;padding-left:14px}.application-footer strong{display:block;margin-left:0}.footer-brand span{display:none}.footer-inner{font-size:.875rem}}
@media(max-width:350px){.nav-shell nav{column-gap:16px;row-gap:8px}.stats-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.stat{padding:24px 0;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.stat-category{min-height:0}.hero .eyebrow{letter-spacing:.1em}}